The Italian University System in the Aftermath of National Unification. Background, Reforms Trends and New Goals

Abstract

The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the situation of the Italian University System in the aftermath of the national unification process. The establishment of the Kingdom of Italy and the implementation of the Casati Law throughout the peninsula gave rise to numerous inquiries concerning the new direction and reforms trends of the university system. In this regard, it is deemed pertinent to delve into the historical backdrop that served as the foundation of this system, from the Boncompagni Law and the creation of the Ministry of Public Education to the end of the 19th century. Lastly, the final section is devoted to a reflection on the goals of university education. The need for renewal that emerged at the close of the 19th century, in reality, has been a perpetual companion to the subsequent history of the university and higher education as a whole. This transformation has also marked the final transformation of universities into active institutions in terms of social and territorial impact.