«Willing that the Guard of Law should be responsible to the Nation for their action...». Justiciability of power in the Era of Polish May Constitution of 1791
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Parole chiave:
Costituzione di Maggio, responsabilità dei deputati, responsabilità dei ministri, difesa della costituzione, Adam PonińskiAbstract
The presented elaboration is devoted to the problem of the justiciability of power in the era of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 in Poland. Thus, it refers to the constitutional debate and legal solutions in this field. The legal institution of accountability of the rulers in the Polish Republic (-1795) was to be executed by the organ of the Sejm Court established already 1578. The famous case illustrating this early form of constitutional responsibility was the trial of Prince Adam Poniński (1791), the main parts of which have been illustrated in the article. Another presented issue was an analysis of the legal regulations on the political and criminal responsibility of ministers that had been introduced to the system between 1775 (the Law on the Permanent Council) until 1791 (the Constitution of 3 May). The Polish constitution-lawmaker established modern solutions, requiring the stabile parliamentarian trust to the ministers verified in the extraordinary procedure every two years. In case of violating the norms, the constitutional and criminal responsibility was to be evaluated during the Sejm Court proceedings.
