Covid-19 as an opportunity to tackle the phenomenon of overtourism in European historic centres: the case of Rome/Covid-19 un’ occasione per affrontare il fenomeno dell’overtourism nei centri storici europei: il caso di Roma
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/2542Abstract
Urban centres are the cultural assets that have been affected the most by Covid-19. Before the outbreak of the pandemic, historic cities were subject to large flows of both national and international tourists, in addition to the presence of local workers and residents, thus creating a phenomenon referred to as “overtourism” in international specialised literature, a term that highlights the excesses of an situation that is now out of control. When the lockdown ended, historic cities remained empty. There were no tourists, due to the crisis of human mobility, and there were no public and private office employees, due to widespread smart working practices. This paper deals with the question of whether we should return to the pre-Covid-19 status quo as soon as possible and by making use of public funding, or whether we should take advantage of the effects of the pandemic as an opportunity to modify, partially or totally, the economic and social conditions that led to overtourism. This essay will also analyse the ways in which the phenomenon of overtourism has developed over time, and will also propose the need to drastically reform the ways in which tourism has developed in historic centres.
I centri urbani sono i beni culturali che maggiormente hanno risentito degli effetti del Covid-19. Fino ai giorni in cui è esplosa la pandemia le città storiche erano interessate da flussi di grandi dimensioni di turisti, nazionali ed internazionali, che si andavano a sovrapporre alla presenza di quanti vi lavoravano e vi risiedevano in una modalità definita nella letteratura specialistica internazionale con il termine “overtorurism” per sottolineare gli eccessi di una situazione ormai fuori controllo. Alla fine del lockdown le stesse città storiche si sono ritrovate disabitate. Non vi erano più turisti, per la crisi della mobilità umana, e non vi erano più neppure gli impiegati degli uffici pubblici e privati, che ormai operavano a distanza e quindi rimanevano nelle aree di residenza. Il problema che ci si pone è se dobbiamo pensare di riproporre, appena possibile ed utilizzando fondi pubblici, la situazione precedente al Covid-19 oppure se dobbiamo utilizzare gli effetti della pandemia come una opportunità per modificare in tutto o in parte i presupposti economici e sociali che hanno contribuito all’overtourism. Il saggio contribuisce a ricostruire la modalità con cui negli anni si è arrivati al fenomeno dell’overtourism e a propone la necessità di riformare drasticamente i modi in cui il turismo si è sviluppato nei centri storici.
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