Bridging Legacies: Multiperspective Insights of Local Stakeholders on the Decolonisation of Nias Ethnographic Collections in Italian Museums

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2025-12-22

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/3693

Autori

  • Ahmad Ginanjar Purnawibawa University of Naples "L'Orientale"

Abstract

A significant number of ethnographic artefacts from Southeast Asia were acquired by European institutions during the colonial period through various means, including scientific expeditions, missionary activities, and the art market. In recent years, the fate of these collections—particularly in the context of decolonisation, repatriation, and restitution—has been the subject of growing academic and institutional debate. This article examines the case of the Nias ethnographic collections from Indonesia, currently held in several Italian museums. Nias, a small island west of Sumatra, became a focal point of anthropological interest in the late 19th century and a target of illicit artefact trade in the 20th century. As a result, Nias cultural objects are widely dispersed across European collections. Despite their significance, these collections have received little attention in Indonesia's national restitution agenda. This study explores the decolonisation of Nias objects in the Italian museums context, drawing on archival research, interviews with key stakeholders, museum fieldwork, and community-based discussions in Nias. The findings reveal diverse perspectives among stakeholders—including museum professionals, local academics, and source communities—on restitution, representation, education, and the role of digital technologies in cultural revitalisation. While preferences vary, all stakeholders express a shared desire to reconnect with Nias heritage. The article argues that decolonisation efforts must go beyond physical repatriation and instead embrace inclusive, collaborative, and context-sensitive approaches that centre the voices and needs of originating communities.

 

Un numero significativo di manufatti etnografici provenienti dal Sud-Est asiatico è stato acquisito da istituzioni europee durante il periodo coloniale attraverso diverse modalità, tra cui spedizioni scientifiche, attività missionarie e il mercato dell’arte. Negli ultimi anni, il destino di queste collezioni—soprattutto nel contesto della decolonizzazione, della restituzione e del rimpatrio—è stato oggetto di un crescente dibattito accademico e istituzionale. Questo articolo esamina il caso delle collezioni etnografiche di Nias (Indonesia), attualmente conservate in diversi musei italiani. Nias, una piccola isola situata a ovest di Sumatra, divenne un punto focale per gli studi antropologici alla fine del XIX secolo e successivamente un obiettivo del commercio illecito di oggetti d’arte nel XX secolo. Di conseguenza, gli oggetti culturali di Nias risultano ampiamente dispersi nelle collezioni museali europee. Nonostante la loro rilevanza storica e culturale, tali collezioni hanno ricevuto scarsa attenzione nell’ambito dell’agenda nazionale indonesiana per la restituzione del patrimonio. Questo studio esplora i processi di decolonizzazione delle collezioni di Nias nel contesto museale italiano, basandosi su ricerche d’archivio, interviste con attori chiave, osservazioni museali e discussioni con le comunità locali sull’isola di Nias. I risultati evidenziano prospettive eterogenee tra i diversi stakeholder—including professionisti museali, accademici locali e comunità d’origine—sui temi della restituzione, rappresentazione, educazione e sull’uso delle tecnologie digitali per la rivitalizzazione culturale. Sebbene le preferenze varino, tutti gli attori coinvolti esprimono un desiderio condiviso di riconnettersi con il proprio patrimonio. L’articolo sostiene che i processi di decolonizzazione debbano andare oltre la semplice restituzione fisica, abbracciando approcci inclusivi, collaborativi e sensibili al contesto, che pongano al centro le voci e i bisogni delle comunità d’origine.

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Biografia autore

Ahmad Ginanjar Purnawibawa, University of Naples "L'Orientale"

PhD Candidate

Department of Asia, Africa and Mediterranean

Come citare

Purnawibawa, A. G. (2025). Bridging Legacies: Multiperspective Insights of Local Stakeholders on the Decolonisation of Nias Ethnographic Collections in Italian Museums. Il Capitale Culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage, (32), 767–808. https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/3693